3:122-123
Remember two of your parties Meditated cowardice; but Allah was their protector, and in Allah should the faithful (Ever) put their trust. Allah had helped you at Badr, when ye were a contemptible little force; then fear Allah; thus May ye show your gratitude.
Classical commentators identify the two groups mentioned in the verse as Banū Salamah of the Khazraj tribe and Banū Ḥārithah of the Aws tribe. According to exegetical reports, these groups briefly experienced hesitation due to the influence of hypocritical elements within the community but quickly regained resolve. Prior to the Battle of Uḥud, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) consulted the Muslim community regarding military strategy, asking whether they should defend Madīnah from within the city or confront the Quraysh forces outside its boundaries. The sincere believers expressed strong support for meeting the enemy outside the city, whereas the hypocrites argued in favor of a defensive strategy within Madīnah, presenting it as more advantageous.
This consultation revealed differing levels of commitment within the ranks. The Prophet ultimately adopted the course aligned with the determination of his loyal companions, despite the reservations expressed by the hypocritical faction. Although the latter initially complied with the decision, their leader ʿAbdullāh ibn Ubayy later withdrew with approximately three hundred followers, citing the rejection of their advice as justification. This withdrawal had a significant psychological impact on the Muslim forces, whose numbers were already limited compared to the larger opposing army.
The Qur’an addresses this moment of vulnerability by reminding believers that God Himself is the protector and supporter of those who strive in His cause. Rather than being discouraged by the departure of unreliable allies, believers are encouraged to place their trust in divine assistance. The text further recalls the earlier victory at the Battle of Badr, where the Muslims achieved success despite numerical and material disadvantage. This reminder serves to reinforce the principle that faith, perseverance, and reliance on God remain the decisive factors in times of trial.
References:
Islahi, Amin Ahsan. Pondering Over The Qur’an: Surah Ali Imran (pp. 233-234). Islamic BookTrust. Kindle Edition.