12:76
So he began (the search) with their baggage, before (he came to) the baggage of his brother: at length he brought it out of his brother’s baggage. Thus did We plan for Joseph. He could not take his brother by the law of the king except that Allah willed it (so). We raise to degrees (of wisdom) whom We please: but over all endued with knowledge is one, the All- Knowing.
In the narrative, the pronoun “he” is understood to refer to Prophet Yūsuf (Joseph). He may have been present during the entire investigation or may have appeared at a later stage, particularly because the alleged theft of the king’s cup was a serious matter requiring careful examination. Since Joseph held a position of authority, the actions carried out by his officials under his direction were effectively considered his own actions, reflecting the principle that a person who acts through others is responsible for those actions.
The Arabic term used in the account is wiʿāʾ (plural awʿiyah), which broadly refers to containers or receptacles such as bags, boxes, lockers, or other items used for storing belongings. The narrative carefully distinguishes between different types of containers. Earlier, the cup is described as being placed in a raḥl, a saddle-bag typically used for travel (Qur’an 12:70). During the subsequent investigation, however, all types of baggage and containers were examined to ensure that the search was thorough and convincing.
Some commentators emphasize that this episode should not be understood as a deceptive or unjust act comparable to cases in which evidence is planted on innocent individuals. Instead, it is interpreted as a deliberate strategy intended to reveal wrongdoing, encourage reflection, and ultimately lead toward repentance, forgiveness, and reconciliation. The broader purpose of the event was also to bring comfort to Prophet Yaʿqūb (Jacob), who had long suffered from the loss of his son. From a theological perspective, although Joseph exercised wisdom and planning, the success of this strategy ultimately depended upon divine permission and guidance, since prophets act within the framework of God’s overarching plan for humanity (R).
References:
Yusuf Ali, Abdullah. Translation and Commentary of the Quran. (Surah 12 verse 76).