113:1-5
113:1
Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of the Dawn
In Allah’s created world, there are various forces and counter-forces, particularly those that are physically dangerous. These include internal dangers, symbolized by Secret Arts, and external dangers resulting from a corrupted will that seeks to undermine any good we experience.
113:2
From the mischief of created things;
Our trust in Allah serves as a refuge from all forms of fear and superstition, as well as from any danger or evil. The next three verses specify three particular types of mischief, against which our greatest protection is our trust in Allah, the Light of the heavens and the earth. These mischiefs are associated with beings endowed with free will. The forces of good can be compared to light, while those of evil are likened to darkness. Allah has the power to pierce through the deepest darkness and bring forth light (6:96). Therefore, we should cast off fear and seek refuge in divine guidance and goodness. Falaq refers to the Dawn or Daybreak, symbolizing the breaking of darkness and the appearance of light. This can be interpreted in various ways: literally, when the night’s darkness reaches its peak, rays of light break through to bring the dawn; metaphorically, when the darkness of ignorance is most profound, Allah’s light pierces the soul and grants enlightenment (24:35). Non-existence represents darkness, while life and activity are symbolized by light..
113:3
From the mischief of Darkness as it overspreads;
The darkness of the night, or physical darkness, serves as a fitting metaphor for physical dangers and difficulties. Many people fear the physical darkness, and everyone fears physical injuries, accidents, and calamities. However, we should not let fear overpower us; instead, after taking reasonable precautions, we should place our trust in Allah.
113:4
From the mischief of those who practise secret arts;
The phrase “those who blow on knots” refers to a form of witchcraft commonly practiced by corrupt women. Such secret arts instill psychological terror. These may include magic, secret plotting, the use of deceptive and alluring charms (3:14), or the spreading of false rumors or slanders designed to frighten people or prevent them from doing what is right. While there is deceit in such practices, they often influence people. Therefore, individuals should cast off fear and fulfill their duties.
113:5
And from the mischief of the envious one as he practises envy.
Malignant envy, when acted upon, aims to destroy the happiness or the material and spiritual well-being of others. The best protection against it is trust in Allah, accompanied by a pure heart.